What did Special Field Order 15 do? This question delves into the historical significance of a pivotal moment during the American Civil War. Special Field Order 15, issued by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman on January 16, 1865, had a profound impact on the lives of African Americans and the course of the war itself.
The primary objective of Special Field Order 15 was to provide land to freed slaves in the South. General Sherman, recognizing the need for a sustainable solution for the newly emancipated slaves, allocated 40 acres of land to each head of household. This initiative aimed to empower African Americans by giving them the means to establish their own communities and economies.
The order was issued in the wake of the Union victory at the Battle of Fort Pillow and the subsequent discovery of the massacre of African American soldiers. In response to this atrocity and the dire circumstances faced by freed slaves, Sherman sought to create a precedent for their future well-being. The order was intended to be a temporary measure, with the ultimate goal of facilitating the transition of African Americans from slavery to independence.
Special Field Order 15 was met with both enthusiasm and skepticism. While many freed slaves were eager to claim their land and begin anew, others were concerned about the feasibility of farming in the South’s harsh climate and terrain. Additionally, the order faced resistance from white landowners and Confederate forces, who were determined to maintain the status quo.
Despite the challenges, Special Field Order 15 had a lasting impact on the African American community. It laid the groundwork for the eventual establishment of more than 40 black settlements in the South. These communities, known as “Sherman’s contrabands,” provided a sense of belonging and self-sufficiency for freed slaves. They also served as a testament to the resilience and determination of African Americans in the face of adversity.
Ultimately, the legacy of Special Field Order 15 is one of hope and perseverance. While the order was short-lived and not fully realized, it represented a significant step towards the empowerment of African Americans during a tumultuous period in American history. What did Special Field Order 15 do? It planted the seeds for a more just and equitable society, one that recognized the rights and dignity of all people.
